20 Medium SAT Command of Evidence — Quantitative Practice Questions (Free, with Answer Explanations)

Question 1Medium

Museum	Visitors in 2018 (thousands)	Visitors in 2022 (thousands)
Metropolitan Museum of Art	7360	3208
National Gallery	4404	2738
Tate Modern	5868	4714
Musée du Louvre	10200	7726

Cultural analyst Elena Vargas examined visitor data from major art museums to assess the impact of recent global events on museum attendance. Vargas found that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why C is right

Choice C accurately calculates that the Metropolitan Museum of Art experienced a decline of 4152 thousand visitors (7360 - 3208), which is indeed more than 4000 thousand and represents the steepest decline among the museums listed.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice correctly calculates the Musée du Louvre's decline (10200 - 7726 = 2474), but this is not the largest decline; the Metropolitan Museum of Art had a larger decline of 4152 thousand visitors.
BThis choice confuses the National Gallery's 2022 visitor count (2738 thousand) with its 2018 count, which was actually 4404 thousand.
DThis choice makes an irrelevant comparison between different museums in different years rather than tracking change within individual museums, which doesn't support Vargas's analysis of attendance impacts.

Question 2Medium

City	Average Temperature (°C) in January	Average Temperature (°C) in July
Helsinki	-3	17
Reykjavik	1	11
Oslo	-2	18
Stockholm	-1	18

A researcher studying climate patterns in Nordic capitals notes that while these cities experience cold winters, their summer temperatures vary. The researcher observes that some cities show a greater temperature range between winter and summer months than others.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why B is right

The researcher's claim is about temperature ranges between seasons. Oslo shows -2°C in January and 18°C in July, a 20°C increase. Reykjavik shows 1°C in January and 11°C in July, a 10°C increase. This accurately demonstrates the varying temperature ranges.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice merely states absolute temperatures without calculating the range between seasons, failing to support the claim about temperature differences.
CThis incorrectly calculates Stockholm's increase as 17°C when it is actually 19°C (from -1 to 18), and incorrectly claims it is greater than Oslo's increase.
DThis correctly calculates Helsinki's increase but states it as 19°C when the actual increase is 20°C (from -3 to 17), making it numerically close but inaccurate.

Question 3Medium

Country	Copper production in 2010 (thousand metric tons)	Copper production in 2020 (thousand metric tons)
Chile	5420	5730
Peru	1250	2200
China	1580	1680
USA	1120	1260

Economist Sarah Martinez studied trends in global copper production over a decade, focusing on four major producing nations. Her analysis shows that while all four countries increased their output between 2010 and 2020, the rate of growth varied considerably. Martinez concluded that countries with lower initial production levels achieved proportionally larger gains, evidenced by the observation that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why D is right

Choice D effectively demonstrates Martinez's conclusion by comparing Peru's substantial growth from a lower base (950 thousand metric tons increase from 1,250) with Chile's smaller growth from a higher base (310 thousand metric tons increase from 5,420), showing that the country with lower initial production achieved a proportionally larger gain.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice only presents Peru's data without providing a comparison to demonstrate Martinez's conclusion about countries with lower initial production achieving proportionally larger gains.
BThis choice incorrectly claims Chile had the highest absolute increase when Peru's increase of 950 thousand metric tons exceeded Chile's increase of 310 thousand metric tons.
CThis choice identifies Chile's 2020 production level but does not address growth rates or support Martinez's conclusion about the relationship between initial production levels and proportional gains.

Question 4Medium

Poet	Poems published 1950-1965	Poems published 1966-1980
Sylvia Plath	89	0
Anne Sexton	124	156
Adrienne Rich	67	203
Gwendolyn Brooks	145	118

Literary critic James Morrison studied the publishing trajectories of four prominent mid-century American poets. His analysis reveals diverse career patterns: some poets maintained steady productivity across both periods, others increased their output substantially in the later period, and one poet's work appeared exclusively in the earlier period. These varied patterns are exemplified by _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why C is right

Choice C effectively illustrates Morrison's observation about diverse career patterns by presenting two contrasting examples: Sylvia Plath, whose work appeared exclusively in the early period, and Adrienne Rich, who substantially increased her output in the later period, demonstrating the variety of trajectories he identified.

Why the others are wrong

AWhile this choice correctly identifies Adrienne Rich's increased output, it only presents one pattern and does not demonstrate the diversity of career trajectories that Morrison's analysis emphasizes.
BThis choice only mentions Gwendolyn Brooks's early productivity without addressing output patterns over time or demonstrating the variety of career trajectories Morrison identified.
DThis choice confuses the time periods, incorrectly stating Anne Sexton published 156 poems in 1950-1965 and 124 in 1966-1980 when the actual figures are 124 and 156, respectively.

Question 5Medium

Composer	Symphonies completed before 1800	Symphonies completed 1800-1830
Beethoven	1	8
Schubert	0	9
Mozart	41	0
Haydn	104	0

Music historian Robert Chen examined the symphonic output of classical composers across two periods that mark a transition in musical style. His research reveals a clear generational divide: composers who achieved maturity in the eighteenth century completed their symphonic work before 1800, while those of the next generation produced their symphonies primarily in the early nineteenth century. This pattern is illustrated by _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why A is right

Choice A clearly demonstrates Chen's observation about the generational divide by contrasting Mozart, an eighteenth-century composer who completed all 41 symphonies before 1800, with Schubert, a nineteenth-century composer who completed all 9 symphonies after 1800, perfectly illustrating the distinct periods of activity.

Why the others are wrong

BThis choice only mentions Haydn's pre-1800 output and overall productivity without addressing the generational divide or the timing of symphonic production that Chen's observation focuses on.
CThis choice mischaracterizes Beethoven's data as showing decreased productivity when he actually increased his output from 1 to 8 symphonies, and it does not effectively illustrate the generational divide Chen describes.
DThis choice confuses the time periods, incorrectly stating Schubert completed 9 symphonies before 1800 when he actually completed them between 1800 and 1830.

Question 6Medium

Novel	Publication year	Copies sold in first year (thousands)
The Awakening	1899	2
Their Eyes Were Watching God	1937	5
Invisible Man	1952	23
Beloved	1987	275

A literary historian studying the commercial reception of groundbreaking American novels noted that works challenging social conventions have increasingly found immediate commercial success over time. The historian argues that changing cultural attitudes and expanding readership have contributed to this trend. To support this claim, the historian points out that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why A is right

Choice A is correct because it provides the strongest contrast between earliest and latest publications in the table, showing that Beloved (1987) sold dramatically more copies (275 thousand) in its first year than The Awakening (1899) sold in its first year (2 thousand), supporting the historian's claim about increasing immediate commercial success.

Why the others are wrong

BThis choice restates data from a single row without providing a comparison across time that would support the historian's claim about a trend.
CWhile this comparison is accurate, it doesn't span enough time to effectively demonstrate the historian's claim about increasing commercial success over the full period studied.
DThis choice reverses the arithmetic relationship. The Awakening sold 2 thousand copies while Their Eyes Were Watching God sold 5 thousand, meaning The Awakening sold fewer, not more.

Question 7Medium

Composer	Symphonies composed	Years active
Haydn	104	58
Mozart	41	30
Beethoven	9	35
Schubert	9	18

A musicologist analyzing productivity among Classical period composers noted that the quantity of symphonic output varied considerably and did not correspond directly to the length of a composer's career. Some composers produced many symphonies over long careers, while others created fewer works despite substantial active periods. To exemplify this pattern, the musicologist observes that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why B is right

Choice B is correct because it demonstrates that longer careers don't guarantee higher output by showing that Beethoven, active for 35 years, composed only 9 symphonies while Mozart, active for 30 years, composed 41 symphonies, supporting the musicologist's claim about the lack of direct correspondence.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice restates data from one row without making a comparison that would demonstrate the musicologist's claim about varied productivity patterns.
CThis choice contains a logical error. Beethoven and Schubert both composed 9 symphonies, so they composed the same number, not more. Additionally, even if corrected to 'the same number,' it would still illustrate the pattern since Beethoven was active longer (35 vs 18 years).
DThis choice incorrectly states that Schubert composed the same number as Mozart. Schubert composed 9 symphonies while Mozart composed 41.

Question 8Medium

Author	Novels published 1900-1920	Novels published 1921-1940
Virginia Woolf	2	7
James Joyce	1	2
F. Scott Fitzgerald	0	4
Ernest Hemingway	0	5

Literary scholar Jennifer Park analyzed the publication patterns of modernist writers across two distinct periods of the early twentieth century. Her research reveals that writers who were already active before 1921 tended to increase their output in the following decades, while those who emerged later also demonstrated significant productivity. This is evident in the fact that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why C is right

Choice C effectively demonstrates Park's observation by showing both patterns she identified: Virginia Woolf's increased output from 2 to 7 novels (an early active writer increasing production) and F. Scott Fitzgerald's emergence with 4 novels in the later period after no early publications.

Why the others are wrong

AWhile this choice correctly identifies Virginia Woolf's increased output, it does not address the second part of Park's observation about writers who emerged later also demonstrating significant productivity.
BThis choice compares productivity levels between two writers in the 1921-1940 period but does not address Park's observation about increased output over time or the emergence of new writers.
DThis choice incorrectly states James Joyce's 1900-1920 publications as 2 when he actually published only 1 novel in that period, and it misrepresents Park's findings.

Question 9Medium

Battery type	Charge time (hours)	Range per charge (km)
Lithium-ion A	6	420
Lithium-ion B	4	380
Solid-state	2	510
Nickel-metal hydride	8	340

An automotive engineer comparing electric vehicle battery technologies found that recent innovations have improved both charging speed and driving range, though not always simultaneously. The engineer observed that while some newer battery types charge more quickly, others prioritize extended range. The data show that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why D is right

Choice D is correct because it demonstrates that solid-state batteries represent an advancement on both metrics simultaneously (2 hours vs 4 hours charge time, 510 km vs 380 km range), supporting the engineer's observation about innovation improving multiple performance characteristics.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice restates data from one row without making a comparison that would support the engineer's claim about varied improvement patterns across battery types.
BThis choice contains an arithmetic error. Lithium-ion A batteries take 6 hours to charge and provide 420 km of range, which is both longer charge time and greater range than lithium-ion B (4 hours, 380 km), not shorter range.
CWhile the charge times are somewhat close (8 vs 6 hours), this comparison doesn't address the engineer's observation about the relationship between charging speed and range improvements.

Question 10Medium

Region	Forest coverage in 2000 (%)	Forest coverage in 2020 (%)
Amazon Basin	87	79
Congo Basin	68	64
Southeast Asia	52	47
Central America	41	38

Environmental researcher Dr. Amelia Foster analyzed deforestation trends across four tropical regions over two decades. Her findings indicate that while all regions experienced forest loss between 2000 and 2020, regions with higher initial forest coverage showed larger absolute percentage-point declines. This trend is demonstrated by _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why A is right

Choice A effectively supports Foster's finding by showing that the Amazon Basin, which had the highest initial forest coverage at 87%, also experienced the largest absolute percentage-point decline of 8 points, exemplifying the correlation she identified between initial coverage and magnitude of loss.

Why the others are wrong

BThis choice only identifies Central America's initial forest coverage without addressing the decline or demonstrating the relationship between initial coverage and magnitude of loss that Foster's trend describes.
CThis choice incorrectly claims Southeast Asia's decline (5 percentage points) was larger than the Amazon Basin's decline (8 percentage points), contradicting the actual data.
DThis choice confuses the 2000 and 2020 data, incorrectly stating the Congo Basin had 64% coverage in 2000 when that figure represents its 2020 coverage.

Question 11Medium

Empire	Peak land area (million square km)	Duration (years)
Mongol	24.0	163
British	35.5	273
Russian	22.8	196
Spanish	13.7	316

A historian researching imperial expansion patterns observed that the geographic extent of an empire does not necessarily correlate with its duration. Some vast empires proved relatively short-lived, while others with smaller territories endured for centuries. To illustrate this point, the historian notes that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why D is right

Choice D is correct because it directly supports the historian's claim by showing that the Spanish Empire, despite controlling much less territory (13.7 vs 24.0 million square km), endured nearly twice as long (316 vs 163 years), demonstrating that size and duration don't correlate predictably.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice simply restates data from one row without making a comparison that would support the historian's claim about the lack of correlation between size and duration.
BThis choice fails to illustrate the claimed pattern because it describes an empire that was both larger and longer-lasting, which doesn't demonstrate that size and duration vary independently.
CWhile this comparison is accurate regarding the similarity in land area, it doesn't address duration and therefore doesn't support the historian's claim about lack of correlation.

Question 12Medium

[TABLE: Empire | Peak Territory

(million \text{km}^{2})

| Duration (years) Roman | 5.0 | 507 Mongol | 24.0 | 163 Ottoman | 5.2 | 623 British | 35.5 | 336] Historians studying imperial expansion patterns have noted that territorial size and imperial longevity do not always correlate as might be expected. Indeed, _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why C is right

The passage claims that territorial size and longevity don't always correlate. The Mongol Empire's case effectively illustrates this disconnect by showing substantial territorial control $(24 million \text{km}^{2})$ combined with relatively brief duration (163 years), supporting the passage's assertion.

Why the others are wrong

AWhile accurate, the Ottoman Empire's data doesn't effectively illustrate the disconnect between size and duration since it had both substantial territory and long duration.
BThe Roman Empire did last longer (507 vs 163 years), but the passage is about the lack of correlation between size and duration, not simply comparing these two empires.
DThis incorrectly assigns the British Empire's territorial extent (35.5 million km²) to the Mongol Empire, which controlled 24 million km².

Question 13Medium

Novel	Publication Year	Copies Sold in First Year
The Awakening	1899	1200
Their Eyes Were Watching God	1937	5000
Invisible Man	1952	3500
Beloved	1987	275000

A literary historian is studying the initial commercial reception of groundbreaking American novels. She observes that critical acclaim does not always translate to immediate sales success, noting that some novels now considered masterpieces sold modestly upon release. To illustrate this point, she highlights that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why D is right

Choice D is correct because it accurately uses data from the table to support the claim that some now-celebrated novels sold modestly upon release. The Awakening, a novel now considered a masterpiece, sold only 1200 copies in 1899, illustrating limited initial commercial success despite its eventual critical recognition.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice incorrectly assigns the publication year 1952 to The Awakening when that year corresponds to Invisible Man in the table.
BThis choice incorrectly states that Beloved sold 5000 copies when the table shows it sold 275000 copies, confusing it with the sales figure for Their Eyes Were Watching God.
CThis choice reverses the sales figures for The Awakening and Their Eyes Were Watching God, incorrectly attributing higher sales to the earlier novel.

Question 14Medium

Country	Solar panels installed in 2015 (thousands)	Solar panels installed in 2020 (thousands)
Germany	1450	2180
Italy	890	1620
Spain	720	1340
France	610	1150

Researchers studying renewable energy adoption in Europe examined the growth of solar panel installations across four countries between 2015 and 2020. The data reveal that all four countries increased their solar panel capacity during this period, but the rate of growth varied. The researchers concluded that countries with initially higher installation numbers also showed larger absolute increases, suggesting that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why A is right

Choice A correctly identifies that Germany, which had the highest initial installation numbers in 2015, showed a larger absolute increase (730,000 panels) compared to France, which had lower initial numbers and a smaller absolute increase (540,000 panels), supporting the researchers' conclusion.

Why the others are wrong

BThis choice simply states Germany's 2020 total without addressing the relationship between initial installation levels and growth rates that the researchers' conclusion focuses on.
CThis choice incorrectly calculates Spain's increase and falsely claims it exceeded Germany's increase, contradicting the data showing Germany had the largest absolute growth.
DThis choice confuses the columns, incorrectly stating Italy's 2015 installations as 1,620,000 when that figure represents Italy's 2020 installations.

Question 15Medium

Museum	Visitors in 2018 (millions)	Visitors in 2022 (millions)
Louvre	10.2	7.8
British Museum	5.9	4.1
Vatican Museums	6.8	5.2
Metropolitan Museum	7.4	6.5

Art historian Maria Chen analyzed visitor data from major world museums before and after the global pandemic period. Her analysis reveals that while all four museums experienced declines in attendance between 2018 and 2022, the magnitude of these declines varied. Chen notes that museums with higher pre-pandemic attendance generally experienced larger absolute decreases, exemplified by _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why B is right

Choice B correctly illustrates Chen's point by showing that the Louvre, which had the highest pre-pandemic attendance at 10.2 million, also experienced the largest absolute decline of 2.4 million visitors, supporting the correlation she identified.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice simply states the British Museum's attendance figures without calculating the decline or demonstrating how this relates to Chen's observation about higher pre-pandemic attendance correlating with larger decreases.
CThis choice compares 2018 attendance between museums but does not address the decline in visitors or support the claim about the relationship between initial attendance and magnitude of decrease.
DThis choice incorrectly identifies the Metropolitan Museum's decrease as the largest when the Louvre actually experienced the largest absolute decline at 2.4 million visitors.

Question 16Medium

City	Average January temperature (°C)	Average annual precipitation (mm)
Phoenix	14	210
Seattle	5	950
Miami	20	1570
Denver	0	400

A climatologist analyzing weather patterns in major US cities observed that temperature and precipitation vary independently, with some warm cities receiving little rainfall while others receive substantial amounts. The climatologist notes that coastal proximity and regional climate systems create diverse conditions. Supporting this observation, the data reveal that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why D is right

Choice D is correct because it demonstrates the climatologist's point about independent variation by comparing two warm cities: Miami has both a higher temperature (20°C vs 14°C) and much higher precipitation (1570 mm vs 210 mm) than Phoenix, showing that warmth doesn't predict low rainfall.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice simply restates data from one row without making a comparison that would support the climatologist's claim about independent variation of temperature and precipitation.
BWhile this comparison is accurate, it doesn't effectively demonstrate independent variation since it shows both variables changing in the same direction rather than varying independently.
CThis choice contains an arithmetic error. Phoenix has an average January temperature of 14°C, which is lower than Miami's 20°C, not higher.

Question 17Medium

[TABLE: Country | C

O_{2}

Emissions 2000 (million metric tons) | C

O_{2}

Emissions 2020 (million metric tons) China | 3040 | 10065 United States | 5850 | 4713 India | 1020 | 2442 Russia | 1540 | 1577] A climate researcher is examining changes in carbon dioxide emissions across major industrial nations between 2000 and 2020. While some countries reduced their emissions over this period, others experienced substantial increases, suggesting that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why C is right

Choice C accurately describes the data showing India's substantial increase from 1020 to 2442 million metric tons (an increase of 1422 million metric tons) and Russia's minimal change from 1540 to 1577 million metric tons, effectively supporting the claim about varying emission trends.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice contains a correct calculation but does not contrast countries with different trends as the passage suggests with 'some countries reduced their emissions... others experienced substantial increases.'
BWhile the arithmetic is correct, this choice only discusses one country and does not support the comparative claim about some countries reducing while others increased.
DThis misreads the data by claiming Russia had the largest increase when in fact China had the largest absolute increase in emissions.

Question 18Medium

Planet	Orbital period (Earth days)	Distance from Sun (million km)
Mercury	88	58
Venus	225	108
Earth	365	150
Mars	687	228

An astronomy student investigated the relationship between a planet's distance from the Sun and its orbital period. After analyzing data from the inner planets of our solar system, the student noted that planets located farther from the Sun require more time to complete one orbit. This pattern is evident in the observation that _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why D is right

Choice D is correct because it provides a clear comparison showing that Mars (farther from the Sun at 228 million km) has a longer orbital period (687 days) than Earth (closer at 150 million km with 365 days), directly supporting the student's claim about the distance-period relationship.

Why the others are wrong

AThis choice merely restates data from one row without making a comparison that would support the claim about the relationship between distance and orbital period.
BThis choice reverses the logic. Mercury does have a shorter orbital period than Venus, and it is also closer to the Sun, which supports rather than contradicts the pattern.
CWhile this comparison is accurate, it only provides distance information without mentioning orbital periods, failing to demonstrate the claimed relationship.

Question 19Medium

Treaty	Year Signed	Number of Signatory Nations at Signing
Treaty of Versailles	1919	44
Kellogg-Briand Pact	1928	15
United Nations Charter	1945	51
Geneva Conventions	1949	61

Historians analyzing international cooperation in the 20th century observed that the number of nations participating in major treaties generally increased over time, reflecting growing international engagement. However, _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why A is right

Choice A is correct because it accurately identifies an exception to the general increasing trend, showing that the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) had fewer signatories than the earlier Treaty of Versailles (1919), supporting the caveat introduced by however in the passage.

Why the others are wrong

BThis choice incorrectly attributes the Geneva Conventions' signatory count (61) to the United Nations Charter, which actually had 51 signatory nations at signing.
CThis choice incorrectly states the Geneva Conventions had 51 signatories when they actually had 61, confusing this with the UN Charter's count.
DThis choice incorrectly suggests the UN Charter itself gained signatories over time, when the table shows signatory counts at signing only, and confuses the difference between UN Charter (51) and Geneva Conventions (61).

Question 20Medium

Treatment group	Initial symptoms (average severity score)	Symptoms after 8 weeks (average severity score)
Medication A	7.2	3.1
Medication B	7.4	4.5
Placebo	7.3	6.8
No treatment	7.1	7.0

Researchers conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of two medications for treating seasonal allergies. Participants were randomly assigned to four groups, and symptom severity was assessed using a standardized scale at the beginning and end of the eight-week study. The researchers concluded that both medications reduced symptoms more effectively than placebo or no treatment, with one medication showing particularly strong results. Specifically, _____

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

Show the answer and explanation

Why A is right

Choice A is correct because it effectively demonstrates that Medication A produced substantially better results (3.1) than placebo (6.8) after 8 weeks, supporting the researchers' conclusion about medication effectiveness and highlighting Medication A as the particularly strong performer.

Why the others are wrong

BThis choice only provides baseline data for one medication without comparing outcomes, failing to support the conclusion about treatment effectiveness.
CThis choice reverses the arithmetic. The no treatment group's symptoms decreased by 0.1 points (from 7.1 to 7.0) while the placebo group decreased by 0.5 points (from 7.3 to 6.8), making placebo show a greater reduction.
DThis choice incorrectly states Medication A's initial score (7.2) as its final score, confusing the time periods.

Why C is right

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